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'中美洲農戶利用咖啡加工廢水進行能源生產' |
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'<p>
由 UTZ (互世)開展的“Energy from Coffee Wastewater”項目已經證實通過處理由咖啡廠排出的廢水，可以進行能源生產，幫助應對氣候變化和保護水資源。該項目在2010年啓動，目標是處理由咖啡工業產生的廢水引起的環境和健康問題。</p>
<p>
專門定製的咖啡加工廢水處理系統和固體廢物處理機制分別在尼加拉瓜、洪都拉斯和危地馬拉的8個、10個和1個咖啡農場進行了安裝部署。“Energy from Coffee Wastewater”項目對這三個國家的5000多人產生了積極的影響，這激發 UTZ (互世)開始在其它國家對這項計劃進行“複製”。</p>
<p>
拉美生產全球約70%的咖啡，且該大陸擁有全世界31%的淡水資源。然而咖啡生產會產生大量廢水，這些廢水通常會在不經任何處理的情況下被排入河流，對水生動植物羣落及下游地區造成影響。此外，咖啡加工廢水還伴有重量以噸來計算的有機廢物，具有不小的毒性，而這會影響土壤，釋放出數量可觀的溫室氣體，尤其是會釋放出大量甲烷，爲氣候變化做出“重要貢獻”。</p>
<p>
“Energy from Coffee Wastewater”項目已經在一系列大小規模不一的農場中得以實施。該項目取得了良好的效果，包括預防對當地樹木進行濫砍濫伐和改善所在地區家庭的室內環境，所涉及的家庭已經放棄了木柴，改用家用燃氣竈來做飯。這一項目的其它成果則包括：基本上對所有被用於咖啡加工的水進行了處理在咖啡加工期間節省了超過一半的水生產出大量生物氣，而這些生物氣可以幫助爲家庭和咖啡廠提供電力對釋放溫室氣體進行預防</p>
<p>
UTZ(互世)執行董事 Han De Groot 表示：“只有對水進行高效地利用並對由溼法加工創造的污水進行處理，咖啡生產才能具有環境方面的可持續性。當地生態系統可沒有能夠清理大量受污染液體的能力。”他總結說：“鄉村地區和咖啡生產本來就需要依靠準備充分的淡水供應。因此如果我們要談論以可持續方式生產咖啡，那麼在被排放進環境中的時候，咖啡加工廢水就必須得到處理。”</p>
<p>
UTZ (互世)目前正在將這種技術引入祕魯和巴西。UTZ 希望能夠爲在非洲和亞洲“複製”上述計劃獲得更多的資金和業界支持。</p>
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